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    "en": "Groundwater Flood"
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    "en": "A groundwater flood is the emergence of groundwater at the ground surface away from perennial river channels or the rising of groundwater into man-made ground, under conditions where the ‘normal’ ranges of groundwater level and groundwater flow are exceeded (BGS, 2010). <br /> <p>BGS, 2010. <a href=\"https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/flooding/groundwater_flooding.html\">Groundwater flooding research overview. British Geological Survey (BGS)</a>. Accessed 18 November 2019.</p>"
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      "Groundwater flooding is a different type of hazard than river or surface water flooding in that the onset is not an immediate process where water suddenly encroaches areas not normally inundated. In contrast, the water levels within permeable strata will gradually rise over time giving rise to the formation of springs and ephemeral streams, areas of ponding, surcharging of wells and boreholes, and water ingress in basements, tunnels, or other below ground structures. Water levels can remain high for many weeks or even months, depending on the nature of the underlying strata and meteorological and hydrological conditions (WMO, no date). Groundwater flooding occurs when the natural underground drainage system cannot drain rainfall away quickly enough, causing the water table to rise above the ground surface. It can pose a significant flood hazard for many rural communities and its increased frequency in recent years highlights the need for further research (Geological Survey Ireland, 2021). Both perched groundwater and periodic springs can be causes of floods:"
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