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    "en": "Extratropical cyclone"
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    "en": "An extra-tropical cyclone is a low-pressure system which develops in latitudes outside the tropics (WMO, 1992). <br /> <p>WMO, 1992. <a href=\"https://library.wmo.int/records/item/35809-international-meteorological-vocabulary?offset=2\">International Meteorological Vocabulary, WMO-No. 182. 2nd Edition. World Meteorological Organization (WMO)</a>. Accessed 16 May 2025.</p>"
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      "source:IPCC Glossary AR6",
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      "An extra-tropical cyclone is a storm system that primarily gets its energy from the horizontal temperature contrasts that exist in the atmosphere. Extra-tropical cyclones (also known as mid-latitude or baroclinic storms) are low pressure systems with associated cold fronts, warm fronts, and occluded fronts. In contrast, tropical cyclones typically have little to no temperature differences across the storm at the Earth’s surface and their winds are derived from the release of energy due to cloud/rain formation from the warm moist air of the tropics (NASA, 2020). Notes for clarification: Differences between an extra-tropical cyclone and a tropical cyclone: Extra-tropical cyclones are large rotating weather systems that occur in the extra-tropics (generally more than 30° latitude away from the equator). They consist of an approximately circular region of low surface pressure, of a radius of 100–2000 km, accompanied by cold and warm fronts. They typically develop in regions of strong horizontal temperature gradients, which are commonly denoted on a weather chart as a cold or quasi-stationary front. In turn, such fronts often connect to a pre-existing decaying extra-tropical cyclone, which itself is situated some way downstream (typically to the north-east) (CCPO, no date). At the same time, high up in the atmosphere (around 10 km altitude) a jet stream is typically found relatively close by. In fact, the intensity of an extra-tropical cyclone is closely related to the strength of this jet stream. The strongest extra-tropical cyclones occur in the winter months when the jet stream is at its strongest. Periods when the jet stream is unusually strong can lead to two or more strong cyclones occurring within days of each other. The total lifecycle of an extra-tropical cyclone from birth (genesis) through to development and on to decay (lysis) can occasionally be more than 10 days, although somewhere in the range of 2 to 5 days is more typical (Frame et al., 2017)."
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