{"id":"http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/0ae68762-fb7d-47e2-a0c8-3ff0ef9d8155","type":"Concept","prefLabel":{"en":"Indirect risk"},"definition":{"en":"Indirect risk arises when the effects of\ndisasters have an impact on a broader\nrange of elements within a system,\nincluding those outside the directly \naffected area, via links and connections\nwithin the system (Arrighi et al., 2021).\nAs a result, loss levels grow higher with\nincreasing interconnectivity, particularly \ndue to international trade and growing\ncomplexity of supply chains (Hochrainer\n-Stigler and Reiter, 2021)."},"historyNote":{"en":["Arrighi, C., Pregnolato, M., and Castelli, F.: Indirect flood impacts and cascade risk across interdependent linear infrastructures, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1955–1969, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1955-2021, 2021.\n\nBednar-Friedl, B., Knittel, N., Raich, J. and Adams, K.M. (2022). 'Adaptation to transboundary climate risks in trade: Investigating actors and strategies for an emerging challenge', WIRE's Climate Change, 13:e758, https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.758 \n\nHochrainer-Stigler, S., Reiter, K. Risk-Layering for Indirect Effects. Int J Disaster Risk Sci 12, 770–778 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-021-00366-2"]},"scopeNote":{"en":["Indirect risks, similarly to cascading risks, invoke differences between first-order climate risks (e.g., direct climate risks, often contained within national borders) and higher-order risks (e.g., risks which are triggered elsewhere and may flow across sectors or borders). Risks conceptualised in this way may be plausibly contained within a national border, but across sectors, as the key characteristic is the hierarchical ordering of a risk, rather than the distance it flows.\n\nYet, while indirect risk is a broader concept and describes the general consequences of a particular event, cascading risk refers to a situation in which the initial impact triggers a further sequence of events, often across multiple systems and places. Thus, cascading risk is a particular type of indirect risk, characterised specifically by a chain reaction of repercussions (Arrighi et al., 2021)."]},"narrower":[{"id":"http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/1263d9b4-76ce-4d59-82a7-94ef797b4b8f","prefLabel":{"en":"Cascading climate risk"}}],"related":[{"id":"http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/ad0f0538-f168-4c67-afce-dc9598155cde","prefLabel":{"en":"Cascading impacts"}},{"id":"http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/a8b34fb2-6d75-4281-a527-f1764e3bb3f2","prefLabel":{"en":"Cascading hazards"}},{"id":"http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/9a03b4e4-0c98-4e6d-b360-da0c58ee1f3d","prefLabel":{"en":"Cascade tiers"}}],"inScheme":[{"id":"http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/","title":{"en":"Climate Connectivity Taxonomy"}}],"inSchemeAll":[{"id":"http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/"}],"@context":{"@version":1.1,"id":"@id","type":"@type","@vocab":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#","xsd":"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#","dct":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","schema":"https://schema.org/","vann":"http://purl.org/vocab/vann/","ldp":"http://www.w3.org/ns/ldp#","owl":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#","title":{"@id":"dct:title","@container":"@language"},"dc:title":{"@id":"dc:title","@container":"@language"},"dc:description":{"@id":"dc:description","@container":"@language"},"description":{"@id":"dct:description","@container":"@language"},"license":{"@id":"dct:license","@container":"@language"},"issued":{"@id":"dct:issued","@type":"xsd:date"},"created":{"@id":"dct:created","@type":"xsd:date"},"modified":{"@id":"dct:modified","@type":"xsd:date"},"creator":"dct:creator","publisher":"dct:publisher","preferredNamespacePrefix":"vann:preferredNamespacePrefix","preferredNamespaceUri":"vann:preferredNamespaceUri","isBasedOn":"schema:isBasedOn","source":"dct:source","prefLabel":{"@container":"@language"},"altLabel":{"@container":["@language","@set"]},"hiddenLabel":{"@container":["@language","@set"]},"definition":{"@container":"@language"},"note":{"@container":["@language","@set"]},"changeNote":{"@container":["@language","@set"]},"editorialNote":{"@container":["@language","@set"]},"historyNote":{"@container":["@language","@set"]},"scopeNote":{"@container":["@language","@set"]},"notation":{"@container":"@set"},"example":{"@container":"@language"},"narrower":{"@container":"@set"},"related":{"@container":"@set"},"relatedMatch":{"@container":"@set"},"narrowerTransitive":{"@container":"@set"},"broaderTransitive":{"@container":"@set"},"broadMatch":{"@container":"@set"},"narrowMatch":{"@container":"@set"},"closeMatch":{"@container":"@set"},"exactMatch":{"@container":"@set"},"hasTopConcept":{"@container":"@set"},"inScheme":{"@container":"@set"},"topConceptOf":{"@container":"@set"},"deprecated":{"@id":"owl:deprecated","@type":"xsd:boolean"},"isReplacedBy":{"@id":"dct:isReplacedBy","@container":"@set"}}}