{
  "id": "http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/1a94d7b2-d967-4967-a7bb-166d1b0f3894",
  "type": "Concept",
  "prefLabel": {
    "en": "Leptospirosis (Human)"
  },
  "definition": {
    "en": "Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by pathogenic Spirochaetes of the genus Leptospira. These bacteria called leptospires affect both humans and animals. Humans become infected through direct contact with the urine of infected animals or with a urinecontaminated environment. It is a zoonosis. Human-to-human transmission occurs only very rarely (adapted from WHO and ILS, 2003 and WHO, 2020). <br /> <p>WHO, 2020. <a href=\"https://www.who.int/europe/health-topics/leptospirosis\">Leptospirosis. World Health Organization (WHO)</a>. Accessed 6 October 2020.</p>"
  },
  "editorialNote": {
    "en": [
      "source:UNDRR HIPS"
    ]
  },
  "scopeNote": {
    "en": [
      "Leptospires are bacteria which can be either pathogenic (i.e., having the potential to cause disease in animals and humans) or saprophytic (i.e., free living and generally considered not to cause disease) (WHO, no date). Pathogenic leptospires are maintained in nature in the renal tubules of certain animals. Saprophytic leptospires are found in many types of wet or humid environments ranging from surface waters and moist soil to tap water. Saprophytic halophilic (salt-loving) leptospires are found in seawater (WHO and ILS, 2003). The bacteria enter the body through cuts or abrasions on the skin, or through the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose and eyes. Person-to-person transmission is rare (WHO, 2020a). In the early stages of the disease, symptoms include high fever, severe headache, muscle pain, chills, redness of the eyes, abdominal pain, jaundice, haemorrhages in the skin and mucous membranes, vomiting, diarrhoea, and rash (WHO, 2020a). The clinical manifestations are highly variable. Typically, the disease presents in four broad clinical categories: a mild, influenza-like illness; Weil’s syndrome characterised by jaundice, renal failure, haemorrhage and myocarditis with arrhythmias; meningitis/meningoencephalitis; and pulmonary haemorrhage with respiratory failure (YANG, 2007). Clinical diagnosis is difficult because of the varied and non-specific presentation. Confusion with other diseases, such as dengue and other haemorrhagic fevers, is particularly common in the tropics. It may present with a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from a mild ‘flu’-like illness to a serious and sometimes fatal disease. Icterus (jaundice) is a relatively common symptom in leptospirosis but is also found in many other diseases involving the liver such as the various forms of hepatitis (WHO, 2020a)."
    ]
  },
  "inScheme": [
    {
      "id": "http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/",
      "title": {
        "en": "Climate Connectivity Taxonomy"
      }
    }
  ],
  "inSchemeAll": [
    {
      "id": "http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/"
    }
  ],
  "topConceptOf": [
    {
      "id": "http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/",
      "title": {
        "en": "Climate Connectivity Taxonomy"
      }
    }
  ],
  "@context": {
    "@version": 1.1,
    "id": "@id",
    "type": "@type",
    "@vocab": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#",
    "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
    "dct": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",
    "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/",
    "schema": "https://schema.org/",
    "vann": "http://purl.org/vocab/vann/",
    "ldp": "http://www.w3.org/ns/ldp#",
    "owl": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#",
    "title": {
      "@id": "dct:title",
      "@container": "@language"
    },
    "dc:title": {
      "@id": "dc:title",
      "@container": "@language"
    },
    "dc:description": {
      "@id": "dc:description",
      "@container": "@language"
    },
    "description": {
      "@id": "dct:description",
      "@container": "@language"
    },
    "license": {
      "@id": "dct:license",
      "@container": "@language"
    },
    "issued": {
      "@id": "dct:issued",
      "@type": "xsd:date"
    },
    "created": {
      "@id": "dct:created",
      "@type": "xsd:date"
    },
    "modified": {
      "@id": "dct:modified",
      "@type": "xsd:date"
    },
    "creator": "dct:creator",
    "publisher": "dct:publisher",
    "preferredNamespacePrefix": "vann:preferredNamespacePrefix",
    "preferredNamespaceUri": "vann:preferredNamespaceUri",
    "isBasedOn": "schema:isBasedOn",
    "source": "dct:source",
    "prefLabel": {
      "@container": "@language"
    },
    "altLabel": {
      "@container": [
        "@language",
        "@set"
      ]
    },
    "hiddenLabel": {
      "@container": [
        "@language",
        "@set"
      ]
    },
    "definition": {
      "@container": "@language"
    },
    "note": {
      "@container": [
        "@language",
        "@set"
      ]
    },
    "changeNote": {
      "@container": [
        "@language",
        "@set"
      ]
    },
    "editorialNote": {
      "@container": [
        "@language",
        "@set"
      ]
    },
    "historyNote": {
      "@container": [
        "@language",
        "@set"
      ]
    },
    "scopeNote": {
      "@container": [
        "@language",
        "@set"
      ]
    },
    "notation": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "example": {
      "@container": "@language"
    },
    "narrower": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "related": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "relatedMatch": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "narrowerTransitive": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "broaderTransitive": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "broadMatch": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "narrowMatch": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "closeMatch": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "exactMatch": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "hasTopConcept": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "inScheme": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "topConceptOf": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "deprecated": {
      "@id": "owl:deprecated",
      "@type": "xsd:boolean"
    },
    "isReplacedBy": {
      "@id": "dct:isReplacedBy",
      "@container": "@set"
    }
  }
}