A tropical storm is a rapid rotating storm originating over tropical oceans. It has a low pressure centre and clouds spiralling towards the eyewall surrounding the ‘eye’. Its diameter is typically around 200 to 500 km, but can reach 1000 km. The related hazards are very violent winds, torrential rain, high waves, storm surges and in some cases tornadoes, causing direct effects such as flash floods, flooding, coastal inundation, and indirect effects such as landslides and mudslides. The winds blow anti-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere (WMO, 2020).
" }, "editorialNote": { "en": [ "source:IPCC Glossary AR6", "source:UNDRR HIPS" ] }, "scopeNote": { "en": [ "A sub-tropical cyclone is a low-pressure system, developing over tropical or subtropical waters which initially contains few tropical characteristics. With time the subtropical cyclone can become a tropical cyclone (WMO, 2018). Sub-tropical cyclones have organised moderate to deep convection, but lack a central dense overcast. Unlike tropical cyclones, subtropical cyclones derive a significant proportion of their energy from baroclinic sources and are generally cold-core in the upper troposphere, often being associated with an upper-level low or trough. In comparison to tropical cyclones, these systems generally have a radius of maximum winds occurring relatively far from the centre (usually greater than 60 nautical miles), and generally have a less symmetric wind field and distribution of convection (WMO, 2017; NOAA, no date).", "A tropical cyclone originates over tropical oceans from where it draws the energy to develop. In addition to sufficient energy from the ocean, a favourable environment is associated with enough moisture in the atmosphere, low to moderate windshear (difference between winds at low and upper atmospheric levels), and enough Coriolis force (a force associated with the rotation). They can develop in the North Atlantic, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. Depending on the basin, the terminology for this weather phenomenon differs: hurricane in the North Atlantic, typhoon in the western North Pacific, and tropical cyclone in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean.", "Depending on the maximum sustained wind speed, tropical cyclones are designated as follows (WMO, no date): *The designation thresholds for storm and hurricane are based on the Beaufort Scale. Tropical cyclones can be hundreds of kilometres wide and can bring destructive high winds, torrential rain, storm surges and occasionally tornadoes (WMO, no date). The typhoon season in the western North Pacific region typically runs from May to November. The Americas/Caribbean hurricane season runs from 1 June to 30 November, peaking in August and September. The cyclone season in the South Pacific and Australia normally runs from November to April. In the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, tropical cyclones usually occur from April to June, and September to November. The East Coast of Africa normally experiences tropical cyclones from November to April (WMO, no date). Note: Typhoon, hurricane, cyclone, and tropical cyclone are different terms for the same weather phenomenon in different geographical regions (WMO, no date):\n\nA sub-tropical cyclone is a low-pressure system, developing over tropical or subtropical waters which initially contains few tropical characteristics. With time the subtropical cyclone can become a tropical cyclone (WMO, 2018). Sub-tropical cyclones have organised moderate to deep convection, but lack a central dense overcast. Unlike tropical cyclones, subtropical cyclones derive a significant proportion of their energy from baroclinic sources and are generally cold-core in the upper troposphere, often being associated with an upper-level low or trough. In comparison to tropical cyclones, these systems generally have a radius of maximum winds occurring relatively far from the centre (usually greater than 60 nautical miles), and generally have a less symmetric wind field and distribution of convection (WMO, 2017; NOAA, no date)." ] }, "broader": { "id": "http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/2d5b04db-bbe3-4c54-be14-c99d351bf795", "prefLabel": { "en": "Pressure Related" } }, "related": [ { "id": "http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/7b6c9ef5-f6fd-4966-b259-d66c92179222", "prefLabel": { "en": "Storm surge" } }, { "id": "http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/ce734015-d0e1-4aef-8cce-457ad3338ea0", "prefLabel": { "en": "Wind" } } ], "inScheme": [ { "id": "http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/", "title": { "en": "Climate Connectivity Taxonomy" } } ], "inSchemeAll": [ { "id": "http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/" } ], "@context": { "@version": 1.1, "id": "@id", "type": "@type", "@vocab": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "dct": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "schema": "https://schema.org/", "vann": "http://purl.org/vocab/vann/", "ldp": "http://www.w3.org/ns/ldp#", "owl": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#", "title": { "@id": "dct:title", "@container": "@language" }, "dc:title": { "@id": "dc:title", "@container": "@language" }, "dc:description": { "@id": "dc:description", "@container": "@language" }, "description": { "@id": "dct:description", "@container": "@language" }, "license": { "@id": "dct:license", "@container": "@language" }, "issued": { "@id": "dct:issued", "@type": "xsd:date" }, "created": { "@id": "dct:created", "@type": "xsd:date" }, "modified": { "@id": "dct:modified", "@type": "xsd:date" }, "creator": "dct:creator", "publisher": "dct:publisher", "preferredNamespacePrefix": "vann:preferredNamespacePrefix", "preferredNamespaceUri": "vann:preferredNamespaceUri", "isBasedOn": "schema:isBasedOn", "source": "dct:source", "prefLabel": { "@container": "@language" }, "altLabel": { "@container": [ "@language", "@set" ] }, "hiddenLabel": { "@container": [ "@language", "@set" ] }, "definition": { "@container": "@language" }, "note": { "@container": [ "@language", "@set" ] }, "changeNote": { "@container": [ "@language", "@set" ] }, "editorialNote": { "@container": [ "@language", "@set" ] }, "historyNote": { "@container": [ "@language", "@set" ] }, "scopeNote": { "@container": [ "@language", "@set" ] }, "notation": { "@container": "@set" }, "example": { "@container": "@language" }, "narrower": { "@container": "@set" }, "related": { "@container": "@set" }, "relatedMatch": { "@container": "@set" }, "narrowerTransitive": { "@container": "@set" }, "broaderTransitive": { "@container": "@set" }, "broadMatch": { "@container": "@set" }, "narrowMatch": { "@container": "@set" }, "closeMatch": { "@container": "@set" }, "exactMatch": { "@container": "@set" }, "hasTopConcept": { "@container": "@set" }, "inScheme": { "@container": "@set" }, "topConceptOf": { "@container": "@set" }, "deprecated": { "@id": "owl:deprecated", "@type": "xsd:boolean" }, "isReplacedBy": { "@id": "dct:isReplacedBy", "@container": "@set" } } }