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    "en": "Ground Gases (CH4, Rn, etc.)"
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    "en": [
      "Gas-contaminated land",
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    "en": "Ground gases that result from material decay (natural or anthropogenic) typically include radon, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, but may also include the break down products of other compounds, such as nitrogen, alcohols, alkanes, cycloalkanes and alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons (monocyclic or polycyclic); esters and ethers, as well as halogenated compounds and organosulphur. Ground gases derived from magma (molten or semi-molten natural material derived from the melting of land or oceanic crust) include carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen halides. Ground gases are gases released in combination with water vapour and particulate matter during volcanogenic events, or via fumaroles, and hydrothermal systems (adapted from NHBC (UK), 2007; IVHHN, 2020; US EPA, no date; and USGS, no date). <br /> <p>IVHHN, 2020. <a href=\"https://www.ivhhn.org/information/health-impacts-volcanic-gases\">Health impacts of volcanic gases. International Volcanic Health Hazard Network (IVHHN)</a>. Accessed 15 October 2020.</p>"
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      "Volcanogenic gases escape from magma as a consequence of the pressure relief that occurs as the magma rises to the surface. These gases are also released via geothermal systems. Chemical or biological processes generate ground gases, for example, the breakdown of uranium-bearing minerals releasing radon from granite or by oxidation and or biogenic reduction (releasing hydrogen sulphide). In addition, naturally occurring ground gases are generated by the biogenic decay of organic matter, for example methane, carbon dioxide and phosphine gas. Landfill gas is a product of the largely biogenic decomposition of anthropogenic waste. Its composition reflects that of the waste, but is dominated by methane and carbon dioxide, becoming more carbon dioxide rich as the waste ages, and with a small amount of non-methane organic compounds. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas (US EPA, no date). Ground gases comprise a hazard because of the risk to human health and or their flammability. As an example, the UK limits for the following gases are summarised below from sources other than earthquake triggered gases: Another source of ground gas associated with continental margins is methane hydrates (Geology.com, 2005-2020). Similarly, ground gases and vapours are emitted from volcanogenic sources."
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