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    "en": "Sand Encroachment"
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    "en": "Sand encroachment occurs generally in arid to semi-arid regions when grains of sand are carried by winds and form sandy accumulation on coasts, along water courses and on cultivated or uncultivated land. As the accumulations of sand (dunes) move, they bury towns, roads, oases, crops, market gardens, irrigation channels and dams, thus causing major material and socioeconomic damage (FAO, 2010). <br /> <p>FAO, 2010. <a href=\"http://www.fao.org/3/a-i1488e.pdf\">Fighting sand encroachment. Lessons from Mauritania. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)</a>. Accessed 26 November 2019.</p>"
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      "Different factors and processes foster the formation and movement of sand masses, such as violent wind blowing over large areas, sparse or stunted vegetation, and degraded soil that is mobile, dry or bare (Khalaf and Al-ajmi, 1993; FAO, 2010). Sand particles in movement are the site of various interactions, the main ones being: When the wind grows lighter, it loses its capacity to carry sand particles, which are then dropped (FAO, 2010). Forms of sandy accumulation vary widely, depending on landform, the nature of the soil on which they encroach, the presence or lack of vegetation, and the size of the grains of sand (Hamdan et al., 2016)."
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