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    "en": "Acid Rain"
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    "en": "Acid rain is rain which in the course of its history has combined with chemical elements or pollutants in the atmosphere and reaches the Earth’s surface as a weak acid solution (WMO/UNESCO, 2012). <br /> <p>WMO/UNESCO, 2012. <a href=\"https://www.wmo.int/ pages/prog/hwrp/publications/international_glossary/385_IGH_2012.pdf\">International Glossary of Hydrology. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) / United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)</a>. Accessed 15 November 2019</p>"
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    "en": [
      "Acids form when certain atmospheric gases (primarily carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides) come into contact with water in the atmosphere or on the ground and are chemically converted to acidic substances. Oxidants play a major role in several of these acid-forming processes. Carbon dioxide dissolved in rain is converted to a weak acid (carbonic acid). Other gases, primarily oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, are converted to strong acids (sulphuric and nitric acids). Rain is naturally slightly acidic owing to carbon dioxide, natural emissions of sulphur and nitrogen oxides, and to certain organic acids, however, emissions from human activities can make it much more acidic. Occasional pH readings of well below 2.4 (the acidity of vinegar) have been reported in industrialised areas (NASA, 2014). The principal natural phenomena that contribute acid-producing gases to the atmosphere are emissions from volcanoes and from biological processes that occur on land, in wetlands, and in the oceans. The effects of acidic deposits have been detected in glacial ice thousands of years old in remote parts of the globe (Pawar, no date). The main human sources are industrial and power-generating plants, and transportation vehicles. Since the industrial revolution, emissions of sulphur and nitrogen oxides to the atmosphere have increased. Industrial and energy-generating facilities that burn fossil fuels, primarily coal, are the principal sources of increased sulphur oxide emissions (NASA, 2019). Acidity and alkalinity are measured using a pH scale for which 7.0 is neutral. The lower the pH of a substance (below 7.0), the more acidic it is. The higher the pH of a substance (above 7.0), the more alkaline it is. Normal rain has a pH of about 5.6; while the pH of acid rain is typically between 4.2 and 4.4 (US EPA, 2019)."
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