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    "en": "Methanol is a colourless fairly volatile liquid with a faintly sweet pungent odour similar to ethyl alcohol. Outbreaks of methanol poisoning arise from the consumption of adulterated counterfeit or informally produced spirit drinks (adapted from NCBI, 2020 and WHO, 2014). <br /> <p>NCBI, 2020. <a href=\"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Methanol\">PubChem Compound Summary for CID 887, Methanol. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)</a>. Accessed 8 October 2020.</p>"
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      "Methanol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary alcohols. Methanol’s chemical formula is CH3OH. Methanol is the primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. It has a role as an amphiprotic solvent, a fuel, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an alkyl alcohol, a one-carbon compound, a volatile organic compound and a primary alcohol (NCBI, 2020). Methanol is a widely available chemical. It has many industrial applications and is also found in various household products, including varnishes, antifreeze, windscreen wash, and fuel for model aircraft. Globally, approximately 225 million litres of methanol are used each day (WHO, 2014a). Methanol has a relatively low intrinsic toxicity; however, it is metabolised to highly toxic compounds, which can cause blindness, coma and severe metabolic disturbances that can be life-threatening (WHO, 2014a). Methanol is well-absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and is also absorbed through the skin and by inhalation. Methanol is only mildly inebriating; its toxic effects arise from its metabolism to formaldehyde and formic acid. Humans have a limited ability to detoxify formic acid and this metabolite therefore accumulates and causes toxic effects. The toxic dose of methanol varies depending on the individual and on the provision of treatment. Blood methanol concentrations above 500 mg/l are associated with severe toxicity, and concentrations above 1500–2000 mg/l will lead to death in untreated patients. Because patients with methanol poisoning often need intensive medical care, outbreaks of methanol poisoning can rapidly overwhelm medical facilities (WHO, 2014a)."
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