{
  "id": "http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/67533069-3fa8-4af7-a9e8-9dbfd3ca82da",
  "type": "Concept",
  "prefLabel": {
    "en": "Rinderpest (Animal)"
  },
  "altLabel": {
    "en": [
      "Peste bovina (es)",
      "Peste bovine (fr)",
      "Чума крс (ru)",
      "البقر الطاعون (ar)",
      "牛瘟 (cn)"
    ]
  },
  "definition": {
    "en": "Rinderpest was a disease caused by paramyxovirus in the genus Morbillivirus. It was most commonly observed in domestic cattle and buffaloes. The last confirmed outbreak of rinderpest was in 2001 and the disease was declared to have been eradicated globally in 2011 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Rinderpest was a highly contagious viral disease of animals that, throughout history, has resulted in the mortality of hundreds of millions of livestock and has caused significant disruption and damage to agricultural supply chains throughout the world. Rinderpest is the first animal disease eradicated worldwide. The last confirmed outbreak of rinderpest was in 2001. Rinderpest was declared as eradicated by 2011. The Rinderpest Secretariat (FAO and OIE joint activity) is engaged in safeguarding the global freedom, similar to what has been done for smallpox by the World Health Organization (OIE, 2019; FAO, 2020). <br /> <p>FAO, 2020. <a href=\"https://www.fao.org/agriculture/animal-production-and-health/en/\">Animal Production and Health: Maintaining Global Freedom from Rinderpest. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)</a>. Accessed 4 October 2020.</p>"
  },
  "editorialNote": {
    "en": [
      "source:UNDRR HIPS"
    ]
  },
  "scopeNote": {
    "en": [
      "The world was officially declared free from rinderpest in 2011 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), making it the first animal disease to be eradicated in the history of humankind (Myers et al., 2018). Rinderpest, once the scourge of societies across Asia, Europe and Africa, is only the second infectious disease, after smallpox for humans, to have been eradicated globally thanks to decades of internationally concerted effort (OIE, no date a). Rinderpest was caused by paramyxovirus in the genus Morbillivirus. The disease was most commonly observed in domestic cattle and buffalos. Many species of wild and domestic cloven-hoofed animals (including sheep and goats) showed only mild symptoms of the disease when infected, but for cattle and buffalo, mortality rates can reach 100% in highly susceptible herds. In cattle, the most susceptible species, classical signs of the disease included fever, erosive lesions in the mouth, discharge from the nose and eyes, profuse diarrhoea and dehydration, often leading to death within 10 to 15 days. In other species rinderpest may show milder clinical signs (FAO, no date). Rinderpest is spread by effective contact between animals carrying the virus and susceptible animals. The virus was found in nasal secretions a few days before any clinical signs appear. As the disease progressed, the virus was found in most body fluids and either death ensued, or the animal recovered, developed immunity and cleared the virus from the body (FAO, no date). Asian domestic sway-backed pigs also suffer from and succumb to rinderpest. Infection is also confirmed in many wild even-toed ungulates belonging to the order Artiodactyla: African buffalo, eland, kudu, warthog, bongo, bushbuck, bush pig, chevrotain, dik-dik, duiker, giant forest hog, giraffe, sitatunga, wildebeest in Africa; and banteng, blackbuck, gaur, nilgai and sambar in Asia (FAO, 1996)."
    ]
  },
  "broader": {
    "id": "http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/94682bc2-2e2f-4205-afaa-08808e7b95d8",
    "prefLabel": {
      "en": "Infectious Diseases (Animal)"
    }
  },
  "inScheme": [
    {
      "id": "http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/",
      "title": {
        "en": "Climate Connectivity Taxonomy"
      }
    }
  ],
  "inSchemeAll": [
    {
      "id": "http://connectivity-hub.com/terms/"
    }
  ],
  "@context": {
    "@version": 1.1,
    "id": "@id",
    "type": "@type",
    "@vocab": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#",
    "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
    "dct": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",
    "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/",
    "schema": "https://schema.org/",
    "vann": "http://purl.org/vocab/vann/",
    "ldp": "http://www.w3.org/ns/ldp#",
    "owl": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#",
    "title": {
      "@id": "dct:title",
      "@container": "@language"
    },
    "dc:title": {
      "@id": "dc:title",
      "@container": "@language"
    },
    "dc:description": {
      "@id": "dc:description",
      "@container": "@language"
    },
    "description": {
      "@id": "dct:description",
      "@container": "@language"
    },
    "license": {
      "@id": "dct:license",
      "@container": "@language"
    },
    "issued": {
      "@id": "dct:issued",
      "@type": "xsd:date"
    },
    "created": {
      "@id": "dct:created",
      "@type": "xsd:date"
    },
    "modified": {
      "@id": "dct:modified",
      "@type": "xsd:date"
    },
    "creator": "dct:creator",
    "publisher": "dct:publisher",
    "preferredNamespacePrefix": "vann:preferredNamespacePrefix",
    "preferredNamespaceUri": "vann:preferredNamespaceUri",
    "isBasedOn": "schema:isBasedOn",
    "source": "dct:source",
    "prefLabel": {
      "@container": "@language"
    },
    "altLabel": {
      "@container": [
        "@language",
        "@set"
      ]
    },
    "hiddenLabel": {
      "@container": [
        "@language",
        "@set"
      ]
    },
    "definition": {
      "@container": "@language"
    },
    "note": {
      "@container": [
        "@language",
        "@set"
      ]
    },
    "changeNote": {
      "@container": [
        "@language",
        "@set"
      ]
    },
    "editorialNote": {
      "@container": [
        "@language",
        "@set"
      ]
    },
    "historyNote": {
      "@container": [
        "@language",
        "@set"
      ]
    },
    "scopeNote": {
      "@container": [
        "@language",
        "@set"
      ]
    },
    "notation": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "example": {
      "@container": "@language"
    },
    "narrower": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "related": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "relatedMatch": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "narrowerTransitive": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "broaderTransitive": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "broadMatch": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "narrowMatch": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "closeMatch": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "exactMatch": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "hasTopConcept": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "inScheme": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "topConceptOf": {
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "deprecated": {
      "@id": "owl:deprecated",
      "@type": "xsd:boolean"
    },
    "isReplacedBy": {
      "@id": "dct:isReplacedBy",
      "@container": "@set"
    }
  }
}