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    "en": "Phosphine"
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    "en": [
      "Hydrogen phosphide,",
      "Phosphane",
      "Phosphoretted hydrogen,",
      "Phosphorus hydride,",
      "Phosphorus trihydride,"
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  "definition": {
    "en": "Phosphine (PH₃) is a colourless, flammable, and explosive gas at room temperature. The major uses of phosphine are as a rodenticide and fumigant for agricultural products and in the manufacture of semiconductors for the electronics industry. Exposure to low doses causes non-specific symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhoea, thirst, muscle pain, difficulty breathing and fluid in the lungs. Exposure to higher doses may cause more severe effects, even death (adapted from PHE, 2017 and CDC, 2019). <br /> <p>CDC, 2019. <a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/phosphine/default.html\">Phosphine. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)</a>. Accessed 20 October 2020.</p>"
  },
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    "en": [
      "source:UNDRR HIPS"
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    "en": [
      "Phosphine (PH₃) reacts violently with air, oxygen, oxidants such as chlorine and nitrogen oxides, metal nitrates, halogens and many other substances causing fire and explosion hazard. Pure phosphine is odourless, although most commercially available grades have the odour of garlic or decaying fish. It attacks many metals. Phosphine decomposes on heating or burning, producing fumes including phosphorus oxides and liberates hydrogen when passed over heated metal (PHE, 2017a). The major uses of phosphine are as a rodenticide and fumigant for stored agricultural products such as nuts, seeds, grains, coffee and tobacco, and in the manufacture of semi-conductors for the electronics industry. Phosphine is also used in the production of some chemicals and metal alloys and is an unintentional by-product in the illegal manufacture of the drug methamphetamine. Phosphine is also used as a condensation catalyst and in the manufacture of some polymers (PHE, 2017a). Phosphine is rarely found in nature. Small amounts can be formed during the breakdown of organic matter, although it is rapidly degraded. Phosphine is released into the air via emissions from various manufacturing processes and from the use of metal phosphides (magnesium, aluminium, zinc), phosphide fumigants and pesticides (PHE, 2017a)."
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