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    "en": "Dzud"
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    "en": [
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    "en": "A dzud (a Mongolian term that describes ‘severe winter conditions’’, sometimes spelled zud) is a cold-season disaster in which anomalous climatic (i.e., heavy snow and severe cold) and/or land-surface (snow/ ice cover and lack of pasture) conditions lead to reduced accessibility and/or availability of forage/pastures, and ultimately to high livestock mortality during winter–spring. Severe dzuds (high mortality) result from a combination of growing-season drought and severe weather (Natsagdorj and Dulamsuren, 2001; Nandintsetseg et al., 2017, 2018a,b). <br /> <p>Natsagdorj, L. and J. Dulamsuren, 2001. Some aspects of assessment of the dzud phenomena. Pap Meteorol Hydrol 23:3-18 [in Mongolian].</p>"
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    "en": [
      "There is a conventional classification of dzud types based on direct factors contributing to conditions that prevent animals from grazing for consecutive days, finally resulting in their starvation. These include (Fernandez-Gimenez et al., 2011): A combined (or multiple) dzud occurs when two or more of the above types of dzud occur together. Note: human-induced vulnerability, including inadequate pasture management, lack of herder experience, poverty, and insufficient winter preparedness can increase the risks of dzud impacts."
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