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    "en": "A cold wave is a period of marked and unusual cold weather characterised by a sharp and significant drop in air temperatures near the surface (maximum, minimum and daily average) over a large area and persisting below certain thresholds for at least two consecutive days during the cold season (WMO, 2020). <br /> <p>WMO, 2020. <a href=\"https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/ccl/documentsGUIDELINESONTHEDEFINTIONANDMONITORINGOFEXTREMEWEATHERANDCLIMATEEVENTS_09032018.pdf\">Guidelines on the Definition and Monitoring of Extreme Weather and Climate Events. World Meteorological Organization (WMO)</a>. Accessed 18 November 2019.</p>"
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      "In the United States, the US National Weather Service defines a cold wave as a rapid fall in temperature within 24 hours to temperatures requiring substantially increased protection to agriculture, industry, commerce, and social activities. The criterion for a cold wave is thus twofold: the rate of temperature fall, and the minimum to which it falls. The latter depends on region and time of year (AMS, 2019). In China, a cold wave is defined as disastrous weather in winter. Cold air coming down from high latitudes strengthens quickly under special weather conditions when entering middle and low latitude areas, which will bring a sharp temperature decrease, gales and snowfall and rainfall. When southward cold air reaches a certain standard, it will become a cold wave (China Meteorological Administration, 2012). A cold wave should not be confused with a ‘cold spell’, which instead refers to persistently below-average temperature conditions occurring during the warm season, which can also have severe impacts on society, in particular for human health and agriculture (WMO, 2020)."
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