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    "en": "In the context of disaster resilient infrastructure, unintended consequences are the set of outcomes of a policy or action that were not the direct intention of that policy or action (DRI Lexicon, 2023)."
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      "Often, these unintended outcomes are also unforeseen or unexpected (and the terms are often used interchangeably). They can arise from the complexity of the system generating them, thus making them difficult to predict, or from the decision-makers’ failure to adequately consider the full range of possible outcomes. \n\nUnintended consequences may be positive, negative or neutral in their outcomes.\n\nUnintended consequences are sometimes viewed as ‘externalities’. The term ‘externality’ is often used in a general sense to mean consequences outside the control of the bodies directly responsible for the policy or action (e.g., the operation of an infrastructure). However, the term ‘externality’ has a more specific meaning in economics, where the costs or benefits of a consequence in a given context are borne by people outside the sphere of the decision makers’ assessment. Greenhouse gas emissions, the cause of climate change, are an example, where the emitters of these gases do not bear the full costs of their emissions (as the costs are spread globally). In both senses, unintended consequences may result from externalities."
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