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    "en": "Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers (Human)"
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    "en": "Viral haemorrhagic fever is a general term for severe illnesses, sometimes associated with bleeding, that may be caused by a number of viruses. The term is usually applied to diseases caused by viruses that belong to the Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae and Flaviviridae families (WHO, no date). <br /> <p>WHO, no date. <a href=\"https://www.emro.who.int/health-topics/haemorrhagic-fevers-viral/index.html#:~:text=Viral%20haemorrhagic%20fevers%20include%20a,from%20orifices%20and%20internal%20organs.\">Haemorrhagic fevers: Viral. World Health Organization (WHO)</a>. Accessed 13 December 2019.</p>"
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      "The term ‘viral haemorrhagic fever’ is used to describe a severe multisystem syndrome (multisystem in that multiple organ systems in the body are affected). Characteristically, the overall vascular system is damaged, and the body’s ability to regulate itself is impaired. Symptoms are often accompanied by haemorrhage (bleeding); however, the bleeding is itself rarely lifethreatening. While some types of haemorrhagic fever viruses can cause relatively mild illnesses, many of these viruses cause severe, life-threatening disease (CDC, 2014). Viruses associated with viral haemorrhagic fever naturally reside in animal reservoir hosts or arthropod vectors. They depend on their hosts for survival and so are usually restricted to the geographic area inhabited by those animals or arthropod vectors (PHE, 2018). Viral haemorrhagic fever (viruses) include: Arenaviridae Bunyaviridae Flaviviridae Filoviridae Note that this is not an exhaustive list (CDC, 2018). Humans may acquire viral haemorrhagic fever viruses when they come into close contact with live animal hosts, animal carcasses during slaughtering and/or animal droppings. Tick or mosquito bites can transmit some of the viruses, such as Crimean-Congo fever and yellow fever, between animal species, including humans. Dengue is currently the mosquito borne viral haemorrhagic fever with the highest public health impact worldwide with an estimate of 390 million infections every year in tropical areas where the Aedes mosquitoes are widespread (WHO, 2020). For other viruses, animals are the host (PHE, 2018). Direct transmission of the virus through contact with the body fluids or secretions of infected patients is also possible for some of the viruses (WHO, no date). Several viral haemorrhagic fevers are prone to outbreaks and epidemics with high case fatality rates. These include Ebola, Lassa fever and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. These diseases are part of the priority list for the World Health Organization (WHO) Research and Development Blueprint for Action to Prevent Epidemics (WHO, 2016a). Because increasing numbers of people travel each year, outbreaks of these diseases are becoming an increasing threat in non-endemic areas (PHE, 2018)."
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