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    "en": "Wildfires are any unplanned or uncontrolled fire affecting natural, cultural, industrial and residential landscapes (adapted from FAO, 2010). <br /> <p>FAO, 2010. <a href=\"https://www.fao.org/faoterm/viewentry/en/?entryId=97000\">FAO Term Portal: Collection: Fire Management (A10.6)/CSCM. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)</a>. Accessed 27 October 2020.</p>"
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      "Unplanned or uncontrolled landscape fires (wildfires) are either started by natural causes (lightning, occasionally by burning coal seams or volcanic activity) or – predominantly at global level – by human activities and primarily by burning live or dead vegetation in natural or anthropogenically altered ecosystems (Robinne et al., 2018). These include forests, grasslands, bush (shrub, scrub), and organic terrain (peatlands, wetlands), cultivated lands (agricultural and pasture lands, plantations, abandoned formerly cultivated lands) as well as protected lands (wilderness, conservation sites) (Robinne et al., 2018). In addition, unplanned landscape fires may affect residential and industrial areas (houses and other structures, peri-urban fringes, infrastructure including critical infrastructure) and remnants of human activities (waste deposits, remediated and un-remediated mine sites, contaminated lands), resulting in co-burning of hazardous / toxic substances (GFMC, no date). Landscape fire attributes and descriptions include: fuel type (type of vegetation / combustible material burned, such as grass, shrub, forest, peat); fire type (ground, surface, crown fire); fire behaviour, energy release and emission characteristics (fire spread, fire intensity, fire severity, radiative power, smouldering vs. flaming combustion, gas and particle emissions); and temporal and spatial dimension (e.g., creeping fires in organic terrain, spotting flashovers, short- to long-lasting events; single vs. multiple fires) (GFMC, 2013; McLauchlan et al., 2020). There have been a number of glossaries related to wildfires that have been prepared by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in collaboration with partners, as well as glossaries developed by national bodies in various countries in order to reflect local practices and policies. In 1999, the FAO and the Global Fire Monitoring Center (GFMC) updated the 1986 version of the publication FAO Wildland Fire Management Terminology. The revised version with English definitions and partial translation to French, Spanish, and German became available in December 2003. Translation of terms into Russian and Mongolian were added in 2008 and further revised in 2014. As of September 2010, the collection consists of 1351 concepts with synonyms, variants, definitions, remarks and context fields, where appropriate (FAO, 2010)."
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